Asia

Tree Data
The tree is reported to reach a height of up to 100 feet (30 m) or more, with a trunk diameter of 24 to 36 inches (60 to 90 cm).

It develops boles that are often of rather poor form and high, wide-spreading buttresses.

Sapwood Color
The sapwood is whitish or straw-colored, and is clearly demarcated from the heartwood.

Heartwood Color
The color of the heartwood ranges from blood red, golden brown, light yellow, reddish brown to a distinct red. It darkens upon exposure

Grain
The grain is typically interlocked, sometimes wavy. The wood is often marked with little twisted curls and knots which give a pronounced fine figure. Flat sawn surfaces are reported to have a flame figure, and quartersawn surfaces usually exhibit a ribbon figure.

Texture
The porosity of the wood gives it a moderately fine to a moderately coarse, and uneven texture.

Luster
The surface of the wood is somewhat lustrous.

Odor
A fragrant odor is reported to be present even in seasoned wood. There is no distinctive taste.

Movement in Service
Properly seasoned timber is reported to be dimensionally stable, and retains its shape well after manufacture.

Natural Durability
The heartwood is reported to be naturally resistant to decay and to attack by termites. Resistant woods may last between 15 nd 25 years in contact with the ground and without any chemical protection. Resistance to Impregnation Data on resistance to impregnation is not conclusive, but some sources rate the heartwood as extremely difficult to treat with preservatives.

Toxic Constituents
Sawdust from machining operations may cause skin irritation in some individuals.

Strength Properties
The bending strength of air-dried wood of the species is similar to that of Teak, which is considered to be strong. Strength in compression parallel to grain is in the high range. Other species in this range include Teak, White oak, and Hard maple. It is moderately hard and resistant to wearing and marring. It is a heavy wood. The wood is high in density.

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